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Ontario Lowlands

Ecoregion in Appalachian Mountains, Allegheny Plateau in NY

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The Ontario Lowlands are defined by the extent of Glacial Lake Iroquois. The relative proximity of the Ontario Lowlands ecoregion to Lake Ontario tempers its climate, meaning that summer heat and winter cold are reduced. Although the influence is strongest within a few miles of the lake shore in the Erie/Ontario Lake Plain (83a), the lake effect penetrates inland enough to make a noticeable winter temperature difference between the Ontario Lowlands and the north shore of Lake Ontario. The lake effect contributes to clouds in November and December, frequent fog in winter, and high snow amounts. Historically, the forest was dominated by beech and sugar maple with smaller amounts of white oak, basswood, elm, and white ash. Although forests once entirely covered the Ontario Lowlands, only scattered woodlots remain today because of the region’s high agricultural capability. The loamy soils of the Ontario Lowlands are derived from limestone and calcareous shale (Alfisols); they are generally deep and finely textured. Although dairy and livestock farming are common, the soils and climate of the Ontario Lowlands are also suitable for growing fruit, vegetables, and other specialty crops.

— EPA

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