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Montane Conifer Forests

Ecoregion in AZ, NM

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The Montane Conifer Forests in Arizona are found at elevations from about 6000 to 9700 feet. Ponderosa pine and Gambel oak are common, along with mountain-mahogany, Arizona walnut, sycamore, serviceberry, and bitterbrush. Douglas-fir, Southwestern white pine, and white fir occur in a few areas, and blue spruce may be found in cool, moist canyons. Some influence of the Sierra Madre flora is seen in the far southern mountains, especially in southwestern New Mexico, where a few Madrean oaks appear, such as silverleaf oak, netleaf oak, and Emory oak. The summer rains are especially important for herbaceous plants. Grasses include Arizona fescue, sheep fescue, mountain muhly, muttongrass, junegrass, and pine dropseed. Precipitation can range from 14 inches in the drier areas to as high as 39 inches on the Mogollon Rim or in the White Mountains. Air and soil temperatures are generally cooler than in the forests of Ecoregion 23l to the south. The region’s plateaus, valleys, and deep canyons are geologically diverse with volcanic, sedimentary, and some intrusive and crystalline rocks.

— EPA

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